Spectral Lines of Hydrogen, Calcium II H&K and Helium I (D3)

In astronomy ionization of atoms are noted different then in chemistry

Neutral Hydrogen : H I
Neutral Helium : He I
Neutral Calcium : Ca I
Ionized Calcium : Ca II or Ca+ (noted in chemistry)

Clarification of spectral lines of Hydrogen (H I)

 

Spectral lines can be explained due to electron transitions between energy levels.

For neutral Hydrogen or H I :  

Lyman series : transition to groundlevel
Balmer series : transition to energy level 2; all transitions are within visible wavelenght
Paschen series : transition to energy level 3
Brackett series : transition to energy level 4
Pfund series : transition to energy level 5
Humphreys series : transition to energy level 6
Hansen-Strong series : transition to energy level 7

The H-alpha line is due to an electron making a transition between energy level 3 to energy level 2.

Clarification of  Helium I (D3) lines

He I (D3) line - 587,572nm via Ortho Helium 1s3d to 1s2p but more in detail :

587,5545nm 1s3d 3D1 – 1s2p 3P2

587,5561nm 1s3d 3D2 – 1s2p 3P2

587,5562nm 1s3d 3D3 – 1s2p 3P2

587,5571nm 1s3d 3D1 – 1s2p 3P1

587,5588nm 1s3d 3D2 – 1s2p 3P1

587,5913nm 1s3d 3D1 – 1s2p 3P0

Clarification of  Ca II H and K line

Calcium electron configuration : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Ca II H line :  396.847nm

Ca II K line :  393.366nm

Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks

It's been a while since I set up my telescope for DSO. This evening I took my chance and made some images of Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks. Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks is a Halley-type periodic comet that was first discovered by Jean-Louis Pons on July 12, 1812 and then independently rediscovered by William Robert Brooks in 1883. It's period is about 71.3 years. Maximum brightness is foreseen during the month of April with the potential to see the comet during the solar eclips of April 8th 2024.

Setting: 

TLAPO80/480 f/6 with ASI2600MC

Filter Optolong L-Pro

Exposure: 5x60s & 2x180s

Software : SharpCap4, APP, CS4, Denoise AI

Cardinal Librarian de Zelada @ Vatican Museum - Time the Sun takes to pass across the Sundial

Pair of shutters in Vatican Museum (Pascal Hilkens)

This pair of painted shutters pertaining to the original windows of the "Sundial Gabinet" show a list of days, months,sun diameter and the time the sun takes to pass across the sundial in seconds and minutes.

This of course took my interest and I started to make my own calculations in order to compare with the data on the shutters. The easiest formula I found :

Time (seconds)  to pass across the meridan line = 128 / cos(delta)
    delta = declination of the sun at a specific day = cos ((360/365)*(N+10))*-23.7333
    N = day of the year starting at january 1

The results of both my calculation as of the shutters are shown in the graph below and are quit comparable.

The below marble sundial with bronze inlays was originally embedded in the pavement of the Vatican "Sundial Gabinet" which was the apartment of Cardinal Librarian Francesco Saverio de Zelada (1717-1801) who live here from 1780 till 1798. Only this piece did survive.

Marble Sundial Vatican Museum (Pascal Hilkens)

Cardinal de Zelada by Anton Raphael Mengs (source wikipedia)

My name with Europa Clipper to Jupiter's Icy moon Europa

My name will fly on the Europa Clipper spacecraft as it travels 2.89 billion km on its voyage to Jupiter’s exploring the Icy moon.

See also https://europa.nasa.gov/

Sun H-alpha Sol'Ex

Image of the Sun in H-alpha using my Sol'Ex. Conditions were not good due to clouds, wind and some issues with stability. My tilt was very good with a value of 0.5°

Setting: TLAPO860/360 with ASI290MM and Sol'Ex

Area : 1936x276; Gain 118; 4.07ms;mono16; binning 1x1

Hoya 16

Actual fps = 244

Software : SharpCap 4, SHG-Main, CS4

Jupiter

 

Jupiter 10days after opposition. Conditions were good which resulted in fine details.

Setting
TAL200K @f/22 with ASI224MC
ADC and IR/UV blocker
14,5ms - 3000frames
SharpCap4, AstroSurface U4 (Best 300), CS4

Jupiter 10 days after opposition

I didn't got the chance to capture Jupiter during opposition. So, this picture is made 10 days after opposition. Some wind made it difficult to capture the images.

Setting

TAL200K @f/22 with ASI224MC

ADC and IR/UV blocker

14,5ms - 3000frames 

SharpCap4, AstroSurface U4 (Best 300), CS4